Explanation

The “Unlike” at the beginning of the sentence and the “not to” that follows the dash set up a contrast between the relatively innocent problems in the current case and the issues involved in the “recent financial scandals.” Clearly, these latter issues must have involved wrongdoing. Looking at the second blank, only transactions designed to “cloak” corporate malfeasance would qualify: both ameliorating and illuminating malfeasance are positive actions. For the first blank, only “sham” fits; “unpremeditated” or “justifiable” transactions could not be designed to cloak malfeasance.

Thus, the correct answer is sham (Choice A) and cloak (Choice D).
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Hello guys
I was trying the strategy of finding the word that meets the meaning of the sentence without looking to the answer choices first and then match the meaning with the answers. But at this question, I got lost.
what do I find " .. - not to clear the transactions designed to make troubles to the company"

but when I saw the answer choice and the answer I didn't understand it. May someone pls clarify ?

The financial and economic passages are among the worst. I am not a fan of those kinds of topics, and they are actually more difficult than others. They say that you have to "feign enthusiasm" (i.e. pretend to love) GRE passages if you want to do well on them, but you need to call a spade a spade here...if you don't like something, you need to show it! In fact, some of these questions actually do require you to have some kind of knowledge of economic or financial terminology if you are to get the question correct. That's very unethical for the test writers to do, especially when you're not going for a master's in accounting, business, finance, etc. That's why we have the GMAT, right? Leave these kinds of questions for the GMAT and not the GRE!

the second blank talks about ---- the cooperate malfeasance. so because of the word 'malfeasance' we know that its is not a good thing and hence 'stopping' could work here. so answer choice d fits perfectly. for the first blank the grammar of the words 'justifiable' and 'unpremeditated' does not match with the words in context and so answer choice A fits the blank. Even though this is not the right approach to tackle these questions, checking the grammar in context helps sometimes.