Really good question.

Actually, the meaning of the question is: men use one part of the brain to process certain functions, meanwhile women use both hemispheres.

Scientists have been trying to disprove this for 40 years.

Now the first blank is that the men lateralize this process. The third blank is that scientists valiantly (in many ways) they tried to disprove this process.

What is not convince me is the second blank: it should be morphological rather than physiological because it is proper a conformation of the brain.

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Regards
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Morphological speaks of the form of something, here we are talking about functioning of brains of females vs males, hence 'physiological'.

Why not anatomical ?'
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The contrast is -- ...male brains are ____ for certain functions, whereas women process them on both sides. This is the difference in fundamental function of the brain of the two sexes which results from the larger callosum.

From what I understand, the anatomical difference (larger corpus callosum) is only a cause of the thing going on here(difference in functioning -which is the main point), i.e. the processing of information on both sides rather than one.

Of course, all these are unsupported ideas which scientists are trying to disprove.

Anatomical means: relating to bodily structure.

Physiological means: relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

So the FIRST relates to how parts of the body are made. The SECOND relates to how parts of the body work and the jobs they do. It's a subtle distinction, and I don't know that such a question would appear on the GRE. But it was a great question and got me thinking!

By the way, could you please give the source of the question? I'd really like to know.

Thanks.

All the questions that I posted here are from the coaching I joined. They are from their material.

I'm swayed more for "morphological" for the second blank as the difference the sentence accentuates is the "size" of certain part of the brain that connects each other. Physiological process is more related to something like hormone secretion.