Lets examine our claim put

Put x=10 and y= 5

Quantity A: 8

Quantity B: 8.33333


Quantity B is greater.

x = -5 and y= -10.

Quantity A: -7

Quantity B: -6.6666667

B is still greater.

So B is correct.
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We can also solve this by using the strategy of matching operations


Quantity A: average of x, x, x, y, and y
Quantity B: average x, x, and y

Apply average formula to get:
Quantity A: (x + x + x + y + y)/5
Quantity B: (x + x + y)/3

Simplify:
Quantity A: (3x + 2y)/5
Quantity B: (2x + y)/3

To eliminate the fractions, multiply both quantities by 15 (the least common multiple of 3 and 5):
Quantity A: 15(3x + 2y)/5
Quantity B: 15(2x + y)/3

Simplify:
Quantity A: 3(3x + 2y)
Quantity B: 5(2x + y)

Expand:
Quantity A: 9x + 6y
Quantity B: 10x + 5y

Subtract 9x from both quantities:
Quantity A: 6y
Quantity B: x + 5y

Subtract 5y from both quantities:
Quantity A: y
Quantity B: x

Since we're TOLD that x > y, the correct answer is B

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One can also investigate intuitively without doing any calculation that fewer x's being in the mean average when x is greater will ALWAYS be greater when there are fewer comparative numbers.

Sounds reasonable - I think
Can you provide an example or two?

Cheers,
Brent
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Greenlighttestprep - I suppose I'm not too helpful on the explanation. I just used reason, which Sandy clearly illustrated. Let's assume you have x > y and there is the mean of x,y for A and the mean of x,x,y for B, you'd get a similar answer. Essentially, more power is given to the higher number when the mean has a more substantial ratio between the higher and lower number. I don't have a mathematical proof, but I can put it together logically.

Sounds perfect to me! Thanks for the clarification!

Cheers,
Brent
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